The geometric types point, box,
lseg, line, path,
polygon, and circle have a large set of
native support functions and operators, shown in Table 9.33, Table 9.34, and Table 9.35.
Note that the “same as” operator, ~=, represents
the usual notion of equality for the point,
box, polygon, and circle types.
Some of these types also have an = operator, but
= compares
for equal areas only. The other scalar comparison operators
(<= and so on) likewise compare areas for these types.
Table 9.33. Geometric Operators
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
+ | Translation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' + point '(2.0,0)' |
- | Translation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' - point '(2.0,0)' |
* | Scaling/rotation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' * point '(2.0,0)' |
/ | Scaling/rotation | box '((0,0),(2,2))' / point '(2.0,0)' |
# | Point or box of intersection | box '((1,-1),(-1,1))' # box '((1,1),(-2,-2))' |
# | Number of points in path or polygon | # path '((1,0),(0,1),(-1,0))' |
@-@ | Length or circumference | @-@ path '((0,0),(1,0))' |
@@ | Center | @@ circle '((0,0),10)' |
## | Closest point to first operand on second operand | point '(0,0)' ## lseg '((2,0),(0,2))' |
<-> | Distance between | circle '((0,0),1)' <-> circle '((5,0),1)' |
&& | Overlaps? (One point in common makes this true.) | box '((0,0),(1,1))' && box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
<< | Is strictly left of? | circle '((0,0),1)' << circle '((5,0),1)' |
>> | Is strictly right of? | circle '((5,0),1)' >> circle '((0,0),1)' |
&< | Does not extend to the right of? | box '((0,0),(1,1))' &< box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
&> | Does not extend to the left of? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' &> box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
<<| | Is strictly below? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' <<| box '((3,4),(5,5))' |
|>> | Is strictly above? | box '((3,4),(5,5))' |>> box '((0,0),(3,3))' |
&<| | Does not extend above? | box '((0,0),(1,1))' &<| box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
|&> | Does not extend below? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' |&> box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
<^ | Is below (allows touching)? | circle '((0,0),1)' <^ circle '((0,5),1)' |
>^ | Is above (allows touching)? | circle '((0,5),1)' >^ circle '((0,0),1)' |
?# | Intersects? | lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' ?# box '((-2,-2),(2,2))' |
?- | Is horizontal? | ?- lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' |
?- | Are horizontally aligned? | point '(1,0)' ?- point '(0,0)' |
?| | Is vertical? | ?| lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' |
?| | Are vertically aligned? | point '(0,1)' ?| point '(0,0)' |
?-| | Is perpendicular? | lseg '((0,0),(0,1))' ?-| lseg '((0,0),(1,0))' |
?|| | Are parallel? | lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' ?|| lseg '((-1,2),(1,2))' |
@> | Contains? | circle '((0,0),2)' @> point '(1,1)' |
<@ | Contained in or on? | point '(1,1)' <@ circle '((0,0),2)' |
~= | Same as? | polygon '((0,0),(1,1))' ~= polygon '((1,1),(0,0))' |
Before PostgreSQL 8.2, the containment
operators @> and <@ were respectively
called ~ and @. These names are still
available, but are deprecated and will eventually be removed.
Table 9.34. Geometric Functions
| Function | Return Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| double precision | area | area(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
| point | center | center(box '((0,0),(1,2))') |
| double precision | diameter of circle | diameter(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
| double precision | vertical size of box | height(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
| boolean | a closed path? | isclosed(path '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
| boolean | an open path? | isopen(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
| double precision | length | length(path '((-1,0),(1,0))') |
| int | number of points | npoints(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
| int | number of points | npoints(polygon '((1,1),(0,0))') |
| path | convert path to closed | pclose(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
| path | convert path to open | popen(path '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
| double precision | radius of circle | radius(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
| double precision | horizontal size of box | width(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
Table 9.35. Geometric Type Conversion Functions
It is possible to access the two component numbers of a point
as though the point were an array with indexes 0 and 1. For example, if
t.p is a point column then
SELECT p[0] FROM t retrieves the X coordinate and
UPDATE t SET p[1] = ... changes the Y coordinate.
In the same way, a value of type box or lseg can be treated
as an array of two point values.
The area function works for the types
box, circle, and path.
The area function only works on the
path data type if the points in the
path are non-intersecting. For example, the
path
'((0,0),(0,1),(2,1),(2,2),(1,2),(1,0),(0,0))'::PATH
will not work; however, the following visually identical
path
'((0,0),(0,1),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2),(2,1),(1,1),(1,0),(0,0))'::PATH
will work. If the concept of an intersecting versus
non-intersecting path is confusing, draw both of the
above paths side by side on a piece of graph paper.